Starbucks Organizational Behavior Essays -- Business Analysis

Starbucks Organizational BehaviorA companys understanding and use of brassal mien concepts can make or break it. Just as important, if a company ignores these same concepts, it can easily spell disaster.Starbucks intertwines and successfully uses three briny organizational carriage concepts to increase the strength of the organization organizational culture, organizational structure and motivation. The implementation of these concepts has definitely benefited the company, creating a monopoly in the United States as a coffee retailer and service company. Organizational CultureIn the text, Organizational Behavior, Stephen P. Robbins defines organizational culture as, a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations (2005). Starbucks has a very strong organizational culture and strives to maintain it.Everything centers on the organizational culture within Starbucks. While being a client service-based company and understanding th at the customer satisfaction and loyalty are what will make the company profitable, Starbucks takes a different approach to customer service than other companies. By hiring employees that fit in the organizational culture (ICFAI, 2005) and treating their employees well (Lefevere, n.d.), Starbucks brings in and retains customers through their happy employees. The qualities that Starbucks hires for are adaptability, dependability and the ability to work in a team (ICFAI, 2005). The culture is supportive and laid back (Montana, 2005). Howard Shultz, Starbucks president and CEO, has the theory that if you treat your employees well, they will treat your customers well (Starbucks, 1997).In the excerpt from Starbucks Human Reso... ... website http//www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=27282Nelson, Bob. (2000, March 13). How Starbucks energizes its employees. bizwomen.com. Retrieved March 20, 2007, from bizjournals website http//www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/consultants/return_on_people/2000/03/13/co lumn72.htmlNYSE Group (2007). Starbucks Corp. Retrieved March 24, 2007, from NYSE Group website http//www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=SBUX&fq=D&ezd=1Y&index=5Robbins, Stephen P. (2005). Organizational behavior (11th ed.). New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Pearson Education. Inc.Starbucks case study background 1971-87 private company 1987-92. (1997). McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved March 20, 2007, from the McGraw-Hill Companies website http//www.mhhe.com/business/management/thompson/11e/case/starbucks-1.htmlhttp//www.mhhe.com/business/management/thompson/11e/case/starbucks.html

Sherlock Holmes :: Sherlock Holmes Essays Detective

Sherlock Holmes . I propose to devote my declining years to the composition of a textbook which shal focus the all art of detection into one volume.Sherlock Holmes The Adventure of the Abbey GrangeSherlock Holmes is sometimes compared to a bloodhound. He smels out clues, folows them, and catches criminals. He is very good at this, and although he sometimes fails (as in The Yelow Face) his success rate is very high. Now there is an art in doing this, which Sherlock Holmes cals the art of detection, and he is an expert in this art. In fact he was planning on writing a textbook on the subject when he retired. But as far as we accredit he never got around to it.Sherlock Holmes is not the only one who folows clues, scientists do as wel, , and probably al of us. For it is by folowing clues that we find out things on our own, doing so without being told by those in the know. Sherlock Holmes catches criminals, and then they confess, not the other way round. Scientists find things out by themselves, not by ask God. Now finding out things on our own is not easy, but in ways big or smal most of us would have had this genial of experience whether we are aware of it or not. This is to say in practice we al know something about this art which here, folowing Sherlock Holmes, we are caling the art of detection. therefore when reading Sherlock Holmes or other detectives few of us would hesitate to put in our two cents worth we are competent to criticise their techniques since we overly know something about this art.Most people think of the art of detection as a form of cogitate. It is not deductive reasoning, obviously, but something similar. Sometimes they prime out the diference by saying deductive reasoning is reasoning forwards whereas in the art of detection we are reasoning backwards. They are both forms of reasoning it is just that they move in opposite directions.What evidence is there to support the view that the art of detection is a form of reasoning? It woul d seem there is a great deal. Watson cals Sherlock Holmes the worlds greatest reasoning machine. Would he do this if the art of detection were not a form of reasoning? Look at al the dificult cases Sherlock Holmes has solved.

A Comparison of Charlotte Bronte Biographies :: compare contrast comparison

A Comparison of Charlotte Bronte Biographies Over the years, there have been many biographies written to the highest degree Charlotte Bronte. Elizabeth Gaskells The Life of Charlotte Bronte has been regarded as the standard work. Winifred Gerins biography, Charlotte Bronte The Evolution of Genius (published in 1967) was the first to include new information on Bronte. Gerin says, It is paradoxical that the standard work is remedy Mrs. Gaskells Life. This remains a great biography, but published two years after its subjects death it suffered from the inevitable limitations thus imposed . . . and was not bettered by speedy followers (xiv). Gerin felt that the main contributions to Bronte studies in this century have been on the editorial plane and sought to put out a factual, unbiased biography (xiv). Lyndall Gordons biography, Charlotte Bronte A Passionate Life, took a feminist view, which was a different view from that of all previous biographies. Each biographer was affected by the cultural views of women of the time. Since Jane Eyre is seen as a chiding of Brontes life, the view of Jane Eyre has also changed with the times. In her biography, Gaskell sought to hide Brontes excess passion and blamed it on the tragedies she suffered, whereas Gerin recognized Bronte s passion as a diverge of her personality that contributed to her writing, and Gordon embraced it as the most important aspect of Bronte s life. In June of 1855, Mrs. Gaskell received a letter from Reverend Patrick Bronte, on behalf of himself and Brontes husband, Reverend Arthur Bell Nicholls, asking if she would write a biography of Charlotte Bronte. Ellen Nussey, Brontes friend, had written to Patrick Bronte and Nicholls concerned with her friends reputation and some speculations made by the press. Ellen Nussey demanded that these speculations be challenged. Had the Bell brothers (Charlotte, Emily and Annes pseudonyms) been three separate people? Were they male or female? According to Gaskell , people began wondering if the author of Jane Eyre forfeited the right to keep the company of respectable women (vii) because of her coarseness (by which Victorians meant vehemence and passion) (Gordon 347)? Ellen suggested that Gaskell, a friend of Brontes and an established author, write Charlottes biography. In writing the biography, Gaskell used her own notes and letters describing her meetings with Charlotte Bronte. Patrick Bronte provided a skeleton biographical outline (not always straight in detail) of himself and his family (Gaskell xiii).

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutchers Stotan Essay -- Crutcher Stotan

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutchers Stotan High school buddies and members of the travel team Walker, Nortie, Lion and Jeff accept the challenge to participate in Stotan week, a week of rigorous swim training that pushes them beyond physical pain and tests their object lesson fiber, changing their lives forever. In the novel Stotan by Chris Crutcher a team of teenagers and best friends brace themselves for whats going to be the hardest week of their lives mentally, physically, and deliriously. A Stotan is a embroil between a stoic and a Spartan. Through this time of hardship they goldbrick about friendships, relationships, dealing with cancer, racism, and physical abuse. Each of the four best friends learn more and more about each other and help each other when they need help. They come together as a group, team, and family. Each of them defecate a tremendous conflict that can not be resolved with just one persons help. They all help each other repair the emotional scars if one of them were suffering. They all have one thing in common which was that they all want to be the best they can be and being so determined. In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barriers is to come together as a team with determination in mind. One of the team mates with a conflict that needed to be resolved is Lion. Lion lives exclusively in a tiny apartment with a hot plate. He gets lonely sometimes and the only things that stop him from getting depressed are swimming and being with his best friends Walker, Jeff, and Nortie. They never talk about Lions life but he knows that they life him for who he is not becau... ...cause of this amazing oneness of the team Nortie is still alive. In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barrier s is to come together as a team with determination in mind. Lion was suffering from depression, Jeff was dying, Nortie was suffering mentally, and walker was suffering emotionally but as a team they all came together and resolved eatch others problems. The unity the team had was unbelievable and helped save a life and helped solve problems. Determination also helped the spunky school seniors by not letting them slip or fall climbing the mountain of success. The four team members got through a week of large(p) pain mentally and physically by coming together as a team with determination in mind to push themselves to maximum.

Cops :: essays research papers

Except for a select few, most politicians atomic number 18 silent as the proverbial grave. In positions of power, they are powerless in the face of this civilized, legalized barbarity. They are Black politicians who possess only the office none of the Power. They have nothing to say. They nave even less to do. Faced with the enormity of death, politics is notoriously silent when it re everyy comes to protecting the people, or restraining the forces of the state They dont run the police the police run them into silent acquiescence.In an age of right field resurgence, and lock - em up, throw-away-the-key criminal justice policies, where are the voices of let the "punishment fit the crime?"How man voices arc clamoring for the death penalty? Where are the editorials label for his prosecution "to the fullest extent of the law"?At best, there are feeble pleas that he be "suspended", or , at best, "fired".Didnt Donta Dawson lose any(prenominal) job he h ad? Doesnt everyone who goes to jail? From those who have made a career of being "tough on crime", this is one offense that they have all but ignored.For, it is not a crime when the cops kill-it is their JOB.Their job is legalized terrorism of the poor, the impoverished, the anti- established, the powerless. They are protectors of the raging class divide in America. If they behaved in the suburbs the way they did in the ghettoes, millions of Americans would be looking to revolution as the solution. In truth, they perform differently in different sections of society, for they perform different functions for different segments of society. What the brilliant revolutionary psychiatrist, Frantz Fanon once wrote of compound Algeria, applies to oppressed societies all around the world, a world cut in twainThe dividing line, the frontiers are shown by barracks and police stations. In the colonies it is the policeman and the soldier who are the officinal, instituted go-betweens, the spokesmen of the settler and his rule of oppression... In the capitalist countries a multitude of moral teachers, counselors and "bewilders" separate the exploited from those in power. In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the policeman and the soldier, by their immediate presence aid their frequent and direct action maintain contact with the native and advise him by means of rifle-butts and napalm not to budge.

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK :: Papers Government Voting

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK There are three main proportional copy systems that have been developed that try to ensure that partys pose are earned more proportionally. The use of the Single Transferable Vote, List and additive Member systems has changed UK politics, effecting representation, governance, policy and parties alike. The Single Transferable Vote system, which is very complex, is used in Northern Ireland for all but the UK election. It has helped widen representation and improve democracy. It has immense worked with on the whole beneficial results in the Republic of Ireland (as we have seen), a country which had previously shared at least a part of the British parliamentary tradition. The Additional Members System (AMS) came about in 1998 as so did the Scottish Parliament due to the 1998 referendum which led to the Devolution Act. In 1999 and 2003 the conservatives received 18 seats through the List vote under AMS , giving them a much fairer representation of their confine nationally in Scotland. The AMS in the welsh convention has enabled more choice and consequently 50% of the welsh assemblys members are female, the first democratically elected legislature to be able to speculate that. These results in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have reduced the probability of a single party gaining complete control of the legislative organizations which use these proportionally representative systems, so avoiding the single party dominance or even electoral dictatorship linked with first past the post system. Labour won 28 seats in the Welsh assembly in 1999, 3 short of an overall majority, meaning they had to form a coalition government with the Lib Dems, much to the Lib Dems satisfaction, as they support AMS for this very reason it means a much less dominant party and so a government for the people and not the party. In Scotland a very similar case occurred wi th again falling short of a majority and again forming a coalition government with the lid Dems. The use of AMS & the sequent coalitions in Scotland & in Wales

Native American Mistreatment

Theytraveledacrosswhatscientistsandhistorianscallthelandbridgethatspannedthedistance betweenmodern daytimeRussiaandAlaska. Thenativesseparatedintomanydifferentfactionsand fannedalloverNorthAmericasometribesbecamenomadicroamingwherevertheirfoodsupply wentwhileformer(a)nativeslearnedtogrowandsewcrops.TheNativeAmericanslivedinmostly peacefulsocietiesuntil1492,whenColumbuslandedonwhatisnowtheBahamas2Thenatives greetedColumbusandhiscrewwithopen blazonryonlytobemetwithharshtreatment,slavery,rape, anddeath. WhentheEuropeansarrived,theyforeverchangedthelivesofNativeAmericansby tryingtotransformreligionandlawthatviolatedNativeAmericancustoms. WhenColumbus,aRomanCatholic,landedintheBahamasin1492,hewasreceived amicablybythefriendlyArawaktribe.TheArakwakpeoplewerealargelypeaceful rules of orderthey hadsettledintheCaribbeanhundredsofyearsbeforeEuropeanexplorersfoundthem. In ColumbusprivatejournalhewroteoftheArawaktheywillinglytradedeverythingthey owned theydo nonbeararms,anddonotknowthem,forIshow edthemasword,theytook

Tour Operator Management Essay

IntroductionA encumbrance operator typically combines charm and travel components to create a holiday. They prep ar itinerary. The most common example of a bit operators product would be a fledge on a charter airline plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a topical anaesthetic representative, all for one price. quoin tour operators may specialise in destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof. The original raison detre of tour operating was the difficulty of making arrangements in far-flung places, with problems of language, currency and communication. The advent of the internet has led to a rapid maturation in self-packaging of holidays.Task 1. Understand the tour operator industryA tour operator combines tour and travel components to create a holiday, it designs travel routes for tourists and offer perfect arrangements of the airlines and hotels. In a word, a tour operator offers piece of land holidays . A travel agent is a kind of retail business which is a buyer of tour operator, it sells travel-related products and services to customers on behalf of tour operators, airlines, hotels and other entities. Some tour operators own the distribution channel, they set up retail shops selling products and services directly to the final customers, or they establish close relationships with travel agencies under contracts. The developing of the industry should be attributed to the development of transportation in the early age. With the invention of aircraft, the demand for travel increased rapidly. But in recent years, situations become to a greater extent complex than ever before in such a changeable economic climate, UKs tour operator industry are fluctuated in growth. The package holiday market continued to decline but specialist holidays, cruise tours and flight-only bookings all grew significantly. Company failure level rose substantially from 33 in the previous year to 47 this year . The industry structure changed a lot independent agents turned to favour dynamic packaging with concentration on corner markets including long-haul, cruising, UK holidays and self-packaging.Big operators drove bookings online and through their own retail networks. 2006 is one of themost challenging years in the industrys history, with traditional business assume under great pressure and uncertain future for many others. Tour operators judge overall demand and the expected demand for each destination and strain to satisfy that demand if it can be accomplished profitably. Tour operators assemble the component parts of holidays. Tour operators have many sub-contracted suppliers that are expected to carry through quality services under some form of supervision. They rely upon close relationships with people working in the destinations at airports, hotels, restaurants, excursion venues, public administrations, medical authorities, and so on for without them, holidays could not b e delivered. Tour operators have resident staff, or those of their local agents that maintain these relationships and are expected to become familiar with concerns expressed by local communities. Where good quality accommodation for customers is in short supply, many tour operators co-finance developments on a short-term basis. Tour operators act as a brace between suppliers, customers and the country visited, providing information about the destination, safety and cultural sensitivity (dress codes, etc).With smaller guided tours, customers often seek greater detailed interaction and are very aware of their social and cultural responsibilities. In Great Britain, the country in which they occurred the first time tour operators, leading manufacturers are Thompson, Owners Abroad and Airtours which has 60% of the total national sales of standard trips. Vertical integration Vertical integration occurs when an organization own companies on two or more levels of the buy chains.(Siraliova and Angelis, 2006). Companies use the concept of rebranding in this integration for the purpose of enhancing the customer base. Horizontal integration Horizontal integration simply means a strategy to increase the market share by taking over a similar company. Tour operators can integrate with same kind of company such as Thompson holidays so that to sustain in the competitive market. Especially technological industries use this concept where mergers and acquisitions happen in order to enhance the reach of the entity. (Vignali, 2001).

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play Essay

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play, and the particular ways in which it relates to gambling.Drama in study requires an atmosphere of playfulness. We essential be prepared to play with ideas, our bodies, voice, self and others. Young baby birdren do this naturally, learning by thrilling experience of living. Children make their world in ways non dissimilar from theatrical form. Childrens play and theatre can be seen as constituting two ends of a continuum.These are theatre games and theatre. Drama in education inhabits the area in between. It can move towards the play end, where very young fryren are engaging in drama that is close to their own form of throw overboard play. The difference, however, is that it takes place as a result of teacher intervention, in that the teacher locates the drama activity in a particular aspect of living. Older students may work very close to the theatre end of the continuum, where performance skills and communicative intention a re paramount. At any one time, the teacher of drama needs to know at what point on the continuum she/he is working.For young children, dramatic play provides a journey into the world of lets pretend, where they can readily transform themselves into the role of any character they choose. A story can be created as a script, often with a theme, where expressive actions convey a sequence of events that construct the plot. Whether the style of drama appears connected to occupations such as being a fire-fighter, a community happening such as a big snowstorm, or a fictional representation of The Three Bears, children are actors, producers, directors and set designers. By engaging in meaningful dialogue, their language and non-verbal gestures gradually unwrap what they know and what they want to express.Dramatic play benefits children in all developmental areas. As children engage in fantasy play, they re-live experiences by symbolically imitating what they observe close to them. Through childrens interpersonal relationships at heart socio-dramatic play, opportunities arise for in-depth thinking such as imagining, recalling, reasoning and negotiating (Vygotsky). By exploring lifes situations from the community and home, a child can re-create an identity that fulfils personal emotional needs and desires.The compelling urge to become physically powerful and socially dominant is fulfilled when a child adopts the role of a superheroine such as Princess Xena .While a traumatic family event can be played out as therapeutic drama when a child transfers inner feelings of rejection or hostility towards dolls or soft toys. The need for reassurance can be provided in dramatic play when a child knows it is acceptable to take on the role of being a baby, so that any sense of displacement, caused by the arrival of a new sibling within the family, is eased. Children have the freedom to be active and spontaneous in dramatic play, because, as Eden says, it can be undertaken withou t regard for external goals and sanctions.

What is the Western scientific paradigm, and what are its implications for health care in the U.S.?

The westerly scientific ikon is a model for understanding how nature whole kit and developing ways of overcoming problems (Jamison, 1994). For example, a disease which affects human beings, the exact cause and mechanism by which the disease occurs is nailed down. There is a huge emphasis on explore and trials with relation to Hesperian scientific paradigm. newborner ways of treating the disease identified through mechanisms of causation of the disease argon explored. In the westward scientific paradigm, education, professionalism and scientific thinking have a very important role to play (Jamison, 1994).Today the western scientific paradigms may be working successfully in heterogeneous areas such as epidemiology by which the ways of causation of an infectious disease is understood and means of preventing, treating and diagnosing are determined. However, they do not work surface for the management and prevention of chronic diseases as still the mechanism of causation which is complex is still not understood. Besides, today people are over-depending on the western system of medicinal drug as a mean for obtaining a cure from various diseases and other health problems (Longino, 1997).The Western scientific paradigm consists of 5 suppositions including mind-body dualism, machinelike analogy, physical reductionism, definitive regimen and specific causation of a disease. According to the first concept of mind-body dualism, both mind and body are two associate entities which are look ated polar from a disease viewpoint. However, several forms of holistic medicate consider these two entities as the same and have worked towards integrating their management. The mind may be involved with the body through psychological, neurological and even immunological action (Wisneki, 2005).The second concept is of mechanical analogy in which the body consists of 5 systems that are associated with one another. According to the third concept, physical reductionism is a mean of treating the cause of the disease and not managing all other contributing factor. According to the concept of definitive regimen, for each condition a set of therapies are needed for which the patient should give consent for the doctor to perform (Longino, 1997). The western paradigm of medicine may have both a good effect as well as a negative effect over the health of the Americans.For example, the Western paradigm of medicine is very useful in extending the life storyspan over the last few decades. People are able to live longer. However, the quality of life has not improved as chronic diseases and lifestyle problems have a serious effect. With relation to management of these chronic diseases, the western paradigm has chosen a symptomatic approach rather than a curative or a holistic approach. However, other systems of medicine such as Traditional Chinese music have a different approach and manage the diseases in a more effective manner (Longino, 1997).2. What are som e the problems associated with applying this paradigm in a culturally diverse hostelry, such as the U. S.? The Western paradigm of medicine in the US is being applied to a culturally diverse society which includes elders, minority groups (such as the Hispanics, Asians and the African-Americans), uninsured groups, etc. As it is being applied over such a vast society and having several negative points, the Western paradigm may in fact have a bad effect in several cases.For example, between the 20th and the 21st century, although the elderly world in the US has increased to 20 % from 4 %, and the above 85 years old group has increased 25 times, there seem to be no improvement over the quality of life for these age groups as still symptomatic management is utilized to treat diseases in these age groups (Longino, 1997). Currently, the American system is also very costly and several individuals from the lower-socio sparing strata may find it very costly to manage any sort of treatment. Besides often treatment is give at an individual level, when in fact greater benefit to the community can be considered. The Western system of medicine strongly believes in encroaching(a) treatment rather than holistic system of managed in which several interrelated issues including the mind, body and other aspects are managed together along with greater emphasis on lifestyle changes. Many of the minority communities which may consider use of such holistic systems are often discouraged.They are set to suffer as the social, economic and general conditions in the US do not favor these minority communities. Although the Western paradigm considers prevention, emphasis is laid more on symptomatic treatment and not on curative treatment as it may be difficult to prove such therapies are effective and safe. Individuals from various communities have different levels of trust and confidence in the American health care system. However, most of the communities especially those from the minor ity and lower socioeconomic groups have to over-depend on the healthcare system.It is important that the healthcare system considers holistic management of the patient, greater emphasis on curative and preventive treatment and sorting out lifestyle and diet issues (WHO 2000). 3. What alternatives to the Western paradigm have been proposed, and how might these be applied to a specific cultural group? Besides management of diseases in a particular community, it is important to consider holistic management, promotion of health, and preventive strategies in various populations including minority communities.Minorities are more dependent on the American healthcare system due to socioeconomic, admission and political problems in the US. It is important to consider a holistic form of management for these communities. Indigenous methods of managing their health need to be considered. It is also important to research the methods of healthcare management of these communities in their home na tion where they are able to lead a much more satisfactory health status. With relation to any disorder, the mind would be having an effect, either demonstrating an effect or getting affected.Hence, mental factors need to be considered. Alternative and complementary forms of treatment such as physiotherapy, homeopathy, herbal medicine, aromatherapy, hydrotherapy, etc, need to be considered as they consider managing the patient as a whole and include preventive outlooks. Some forms of alternative medicine give way of life for the process of natural healing (in which the body would heal itself). Today the people from the lower strata and the minorities are serious facing health problems in the US and are unable to use the system as they are uninsured.Greater efforts need to be made to include these communities under health insurance (Alves, 2007, WHO Kobe Center, 2000). References Alves, R. Et al (2007). Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health where do they meet? Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3(14). http//www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1847427 Jamison, A. (1994). Western science in perspective and the search for alternatives. In Salomon, J (Ed. ), The uncertain quest science, technology, and development. Tokyo, New York, Paris United Nations University Press. http//www. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu09ue/uu09ue0f.htm Longino, C. F. (1997). Beyond the body an emerging medical paradigm as with so many other aspects of American society, the baby boom may be the catalytic factor that ultimately changes the way we treat our health. American Demographics. LookSmart Find Articles. http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_n12_v19/ai_20038498 Wesneki, L. (2005). The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine, ECAM. http//ecam. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/neh079v1. pdf WHO (2000). Traditional Medicine. ameliorate Science, Policy and Services for Health Development. http//www. cewm. med. ucla. edu/sources/who_kobe . pdf

Environmental Impact And Pollution Control In Kenya Environmental Sciences Essay

Presently the Kenyan family sector is wholly dependent on lamp cover and wood coal and in r atomic number 18 instances on solar forefinger. Use of kerosine and firewood are inefficient impost of send away in Kenya. They are already blue in scarceness value and expensive therefore a cheaper and cleaner option is necessary. The proposed lowtaking activity is a biomass ground power infrataking. These classs of undertakings do necessitate an environmental impact analysis to be performed under the bing NEMA ordinances and obtain environment licence. The operation of the power works produces emanations, waste H2O and solid wastes such as boiler ash tree. Impact of release of pollutants is planned as follows to minimise the impact.Turbo Generator and Auxiliaries The system consists of ane multistage steam turbine coupled with an electric generator, standard pressure cooled capacitor, air ouster system for air cooled capacitor, condensate pumps, lubricating oil and regulating o il system. Controls and instrumentality are provided as per the take ins. The proposed biomass establish power works, go forthing hold one no. 10.0 MW turbo generator. The turbine is provided with devices to safeguard against over velocity, low steam recess mash per unit area, high axial motion of the shaft, low lubricant oil force per unit area, high capacitor vacuity, inordinate quiver etc.Power genesis pull up stakes be 10.0 MW during the operation. The Auxiliary power ( Home burden ) demand leave be 0.9 MW. The balance power 9.1 MW pull up stakes be exported to KPLC grid. Emergency Power System consists of 1 No. DG Set of 250 kVA is provided to do ready(prenominal) exigency power supply to the station in instance of black out. The stainless demand of natural H2O for this unit volition be 256 KLD. The adequate natural H2O demand for the unit will be met from dug obedient and bore good internal and outside the mill premises. This will stop up that the natural H2O ca tchment countries are preserved and the belowground H2O is used alternatively. The acidic wastewaters generated during re-formation of cautiousness and assorted bed money changers and alkalic wastewaters generated during innovation of anions and assorted bed money changers of dematerialized H2O works will be led into a neutralisation cavity. These wastewaters are self neutralizing but commissariats will be made for concluding pH accommodation before disposal.Wastewater GenerationS. NoParticularsWastewater Generated m3/hrMethod of Treatment1Sewage2.0Septic ar more(prenominal)d combat vehicle with Dispersion trench2Softener regeneration & A DM Plant0.3Neutralization armored combat vehicle3Filter back wash/ R.O cull0.55Waste Water warehousing Tank4Boiler blow down2.465Cooling rule blow down1.159Since, the atomic measure of effluent will be generated from domestic uses, the opportunities of taint of dirt will be nil. Wastewater drained from the intervention works is pumped to a ne utralisation cavity to concur PH as plus by Pollution Control norms.The blow down H2O from boiler will be assorted with chilling tower to catch down the temperature to ambient degree.The sewerage from the assorted power works edifices will be taken to a common infected armored combat vehicle by trenches for safer disposal.The H2O used in the surface capacitor will be cooled in a chilling tower. Blow down from the chilling tower will be trenched out and eventually conveyed to the wastewater cavity.The vacant country in the in splashry will be used for tree plantation to discover the environing environment of the industry.AshThe chief solid waste from the proposed Power Plant will be ash ( Fly ash and Bottom ash ) by the animated of fuel in boiler which will be about 35 tons/day which includes the bottom ash, ash collected in the ESP ash hop-pickers. The boiler will be sized to set down forth 45 tph steam under normal conditions. The proposed boiler will be chiefly bio-mass p ink-slipped single-drum, perpendicular type balanced bill of exchange with a furnace holding going grate type furnace. The boiler will dwell of air pre-heater, economiser, evaporators, super-heaters, fuel fire equipment, built-in piping, flue gas ducting with enlargement articulations, back uping constructions, platforms and paseos, etc. The fire system consists of a going raspy, air plenum, modulating dampers and ash discharges valve.The going irritable is driven by a hydraulic agreement and the tie bars of the travelling gratings are made of dramatis personae Fe, to defy the heat from the combustion. The burning air to the grating is supplied from the bottom plenum hoppers and the air is controlled by the air dampers. The discharge terminal of the grating discharges the ash into a H2O impounded hopper. The shifting are collected in the plenum hopper and discharged by an air lock valve. Based on preliminary estimations, the maximal one-year coevals of ash from boiler operation is 2.5 tons/hr, based on 100 per centum Prosopis juliflora fire. Fly ash constitutes the major(ip) set apart, accounting for 75 % of entire coevals, the balance being bottom ash. The fly ash will be utilized for commonwealth filling, Brick doing or Cement blending, for road edifice stuff and for husbandmans, who can utilize the ash as manure for the harvests, and too through heavy stage pneumatic handling system with fly ash silos which have a capacity to hive away 1 hebdomad coevals of ash. The ash will be transported through trucks and the roads will be asphalted within the works country.Environmental pollution and control noiseNoise Level Survey The first aim of go monitoring in the survey country is to measure the baseline noise and measure the impact of the entire noise expected to be generated by proposed undertaking. The inside informations of the expected noise monitoring locations as per surveies on other similar undertakings are that noise degrees during twenty-four hour s clip were found to be in the range of a function 52.6 48.3 dubnium. The maximal noise degree was observed to be 52.6 dubnium at the Nalli, India and a lower limit of 48.3 dubnium was observed at Alavattam, India. Noise degrees observed to fall in the scope 48.6- 46.5 dubnium during the dark clip. A upper limit of 48.6 dubnium was observed at the Nalli, India and a lower limit of 46.5 dubnium at Alavattam, India. Equipment will conform to resound degrees prescribed by regulative governments.Adequate noise control move will be provided to run the ambient noise degree criterions prescribed by NEMA. Noise absorbing stuffs will be used in the building of roofs, walls, floors and in the generators. Provision of acoustic enclosures to resound produce forthing equipments like pumps will be installed major noise-producing equipments such as turbo generator compressors are to be provided with suited noise suspensions. Provision of thick greenway to rarefy the noise degrees will be mad e. sentry go equipment for noise like ear muffs and other protective devises will be provided to the staff working near noise coevals beginning. The pollution control steps planned for the works will guarantee that it has the least inauspicious impact on the environment.AirThe undertaking is techno economically feasible, based on the assorted proficient and monetary analyses for bring forthing power utilizing bio-mass. During the growing of workss, CO2 in the air is absorbed through photosynthesis. The aforesaid(prenominal) measure of CO2 will be released on combustion, and will be once more absorbed while number ( juliflora workss ) . Branchs of juliflora will be cut, go forthing the root for the future growing. Although there will be both(prenominal) emanations from the combustion procedure itself, the undertaking will gain significant C credits as the comp permite C rhythm is calculated from the O generated by the Prosopis while it is turning until it is eventually burned. In this manner the procedure is impersonal and qualifies for C recognition from the developed states. By the way this is gross for the biomass power coevals works. The measure of CO2 for a 10 MW power works is about 51,500tonnes/year. delight advice on the highlighted portion.Biomass susceptibility coevals, if done in a sustainable manner, would greatly cut down emanations of nurseries gases. The sum of C dioxide released when biomass is burned is really about the same as the sum require to refill the workss grown to bring forth the biomass. Therefore, in a sustainable fuel rhythm, there will be no net emanations of C dioxide, although some fossil-fuel inputs will be required for planting, reaping, transporting, and treating biomass. Efficient cultivation and transition procedures will used and the resulting emanations will be little ( around 20 % of the emanations created by fossil fuels entirely ) . Besides if the heartiness needed to bring forth and treat biomass comes from ren ewable beginnings in the first topographic point, so the net part to planetary heating will be zero.Draft System and Electro-Static Precipitator The boiler will be equipped with one figure of forced bill of exchange sports fan, secondary air ( SA ) fan and induced bill of exchange fan. The FD & A SA fans will provide the needed burning air to the boiler. The flue gases generated in the boiler will be evacuated by the ID fan and the capacity and caput of FD fan will be selected sing maximal air that would be required for the fuel fire manners. In the same manner, ID fan will besides be selected based on the maximal fluke gas generated in any of the fuel firing manners under consideration. The boiler is connected to an electro-static electrostatic precipitator, which will take the dust and ash atoms from the fluke gas, before the ID fan could manage it. The efficiency of the precipitator will be 99.9 % and the dust concentration at the mercantile establishment of the ESP will be le ss than 100.0 mg/Nm3. Control of land degree concentration of SO2 emitted will be achieved by supplying a stack at sufficient tallness of 65 m for scattering.The unit will put in an electrostatic precipitator at the issue of boilers so as to restrict the suspended particulate affair and accomplish the criterions prescribed by NEMA. Electrostatic precipitator of 99.9 % efficiency will be installed to restrict the SPM concentrations below100 mg/Nm3. A stack of 55-m tallness will be provided for wider scattering of gaseous emanations.Avoidance of methane emanations due to disintegrate and de-gradation of the biomass waste is besides necessary. The company delineates to put out an attack of CO2 neutrality in production and use of bio- mass for heat and power coevals every modus operandi good as avoiding CO2 emanations from the dodo fuels for the corresponding demand. A burning engineering path is selected for the power works, where bio-mass is burnt as fuel in a steam generator to bri ng forth high force per unit area steam which is so expanded in a steam turbine to bring forth power. This will in consequence neutralize the CO2 emanations.The design of fuel handling system, affecting biomass fuels is based on the estimated measures of one-year fuel demands. Fuels will be received at the site by route. Adequate route installations will be provided to manage the road-bound vehicles on a day-to-day peak footing. The fuels geting at site by different types of vehicles such as trucks, tractor dawdlers etc. will be weighed on a cavity less type electronic route weighbridge provided in the works premises. The CO2 emanations from these conveyance vehicles will be later absorbed by the juliflora workss.Conveyor belt will be closed to counter dust coevals and H2O scattering system will be provided at the stuff handling and storage yard so as to fulfill the Ambient Air Quality/emission criterions prescribed by NEMA. Well maintained greenbelt covering 25 % of the land count ry will be provided to collar the fleeting emanations.DirtIt has been observed that the pH of the dirt ranged from 6.6 -6.7 bespeaking that the dirts are acidic to somewhat alkaline. Dirts are chiefly clay loams with alluvial sedimentations derived from third / quaternate volcanic and pyroclastic stone deposits that have been weathered and eroded from the highlands. They contain high degrees of P, K, Ca and Mg and low degrees of N and C. The dirt from the survey country shows chair to good birthrate. By transporting out a replantation of the Prosopis on the cleared land so the dirt birthrate will be improved and maintained.Although energy harvests will be grown without pesticide and fertiliser, large-scale energy agriculture could however take to additions in chemical usage merely because more land would be under cultivation. Dirts could be depleted of organic content and foods unless attention is taken to go forth adequate wastes behind. These concerns point up the demand for ordin ance and monitoring of energy harvest development and waste usage.EcologyThe major environmental impact of biomass energy may be that of loss of biodiversity. Transforming natural ecosystems into energy plantations with a really little figure of harvests, every bit few as one, can drastically cut down the biodiversity of a part. There are no wild smell sanctuaries/parks within 20 km radius of the undertaking site. Besides because of the bald land, wildlife is rather scarce with the most common animate beings being the ostrich and dik dik. However serpents are in copiousness. The records of Forest Department of Kenya did non bespeak presence of any high endemic or vulnerable species in this country. The natural workss which are chiefly shrubs and acacia trees will non be affected by the undertakings routine. The out agriculturists will be trained on how to place and avoid these natural works species. Please advice if this portion is adequately addressed.This will take to increasing the sum of forest wood harvested for energy and could supply an inducement for the forest-products industry to pull off its resources more expeditiously, and therefore better forest wellness. But it could besides supply an alibi to work woods in an unsustainable manner. Biomass energy production involves one-year crops or fortnightly remotions of trees from the land. These crops and remotions will be at degrees that are sustainable, i.e. , surety that current usage does non consume the land s ability to run into future demands, and besides be done in ways that do nt degrade other of import indexs of sustainability. Because biomass markets may affect new or extra remotions of trees, we will be mensural to minimise impacts from whatever extra demands biomass growing or harvest home makes on the land.Unfortunately, commercial woods have non ever been soundly managed, and many lot view with dismay the chance of increase wood cutting. Their concerns can be met by tighter authorities c ontrols on forestry patterns and by following the rules of first-class forestry. If such rules are applied, it should be possible to pull out energy from woods indefinitely.Greenbelt DevelopmentGreenbelt will be developed inside the mill premises covering a entire country of approximately 10.5 estates. The unit will besides develop the nearby country around the industry for greenway. The inter-spaces will be laid with bush. The inter-space between trees perplex will be approximately 5m. It is proposed to duplicate the tree denseness in future in conformity to the mill demands.Socio EconomicOne other side consequence of turning trees for energy is that it will profit dirt quality and farm economic systems. Energy harvests will supply a steady auxiliary income for husbandmans in off-seasons and let them to work fresh land without necessitating much extra equipment. Furthermore, energy harvests will be used to stabilise cropland or rangeland prone to eroding and implosion therapy. Trees will be grown for several old ages before being harvested, and their roots and foliage litter will assist stabilise the dirt. The planting of coppicing, or self-regenerating, assortments will minimise the demand for riotous tilling and planting.This undertaking does non affect any supplanting of local people. Employment chances will be improved in the nearby scurvy towns because of this proposed unit and this will supply indirect employment chances for more than 1000 households.Safety PPE s -Operation and CareThe undermentioned steps will be provided to guarantee safety of the workers a? Industrial safety helmetsa? Crash helmetsa? Face shielda? Welders equipment for oculus and face protectiona? Cylindrical type earpluga? Ear muffsa? Canister gas maska? Self contained take a breathing setupa? Leather aprona? Boiler suita? Safety belt /line adult males safety belta? Leather manus baseball mittsa? tabloid semen leather manus baseball mitts with leather thenara? Lead manus base ball mitta? Electrically tested galvanizing opposition manus baseball mitts anda? Industrial safety places with steel toe.Environment, Safety and Health Monitoring ProgrammeThe Environment, Safety and Health-Monitoring Programme in the mill will be as followsa? Monthly Monitoring of Stack Emissions SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOXa? Daily Monitoring of Water and Treated Water pH, TDS, TSS, CODa? Monitoring of Ambient Air SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX & A CO, Noise and Work Place Aira? Occupational Safetya? Occupational HealthBudgetary tryst for Environmental ManagementClassCapital InvestingAnnual Operating Costss( KES in 000 )Air Pollution Management1251Water and Wastewater Management502Solid Waste Management505Greenbelt51Environmental Monitoring and Training51Entire23510Please advice on this tabular array. Is it necessary and are the figures about correct.Other impact of turning Prosopis Juliflora and utilizing it to bring forth energy include Fossil fuel cogeneration and C palliation will be enco uraged.The furnace and boiler will hold to be particularly modified to be able to bring forth steam at the high temperatures necessary for doing the works more energy efficient.Sustainability of a biomass power works will by and large depend on the engagement of the donees in footings of increased environmental consciousness by separating biomass power and conventional grid power. During the field study it was found out that really small environmental concerns exist among the villagers. This is non to intend that they are nescient of the negative impacts of deforestation, dirt eroding, and loss of biodiversity but that they are cognizant and are willing to turn to these impacts consequently. They are besides willing to portion the duty to works more trees in their land to counter consequence the negative impact that the power works may bring forth and to keep the sustainability.The key to successful biomass power development is to utilize the resources expeditiously in modern trans ition systems that maximize the energy produced and minimise the by-products of the transition processes. In modern times, the combination of improved technological efficiencies, scientific progresss, increased environmental-awareness and environmental protection ordinances have turned biomass transition into a cleaner, more efficient procedure.In position of the above, the undermentioned activities along the biomass value concatenation will necessitate consideration in an EIAo? any activity or construction out of temper with its surrounding o? major alterations in land usage o? all roads in scenic, wooded or cragged countries and wetlands o? stun lines o? oil and gas grapevines o? H2O conveyance o? river recreations and H2O transportation between catchments o? boring for the intent of using land H2O resources o? lumber harvest home o? clearance of forest countries o? re-afforestation and afforestation o? large-scale agribusiness o? usage of pesticides, including aerial crop-dusti ng o? debut of new harvests o? usage of fertilisers o? irrigation o? fertiliser industry or processing o? oil refineries and petro-chemical plants o? chemical plants and procedure workss o? majority grain processing workss o? direction of hydrocarbons including the storage of natural gas and combustible or volatile fuels o? waste disposal, including sites for solid waste disposal sites for risky waste disposal sewerage disposal works works affecting major atmospheric emanations works breathing violative olfactory properties.As required for execution of the undertaking activity, undertaking participants have studied the possibility of environmental impacts and conclude that no negative impacts are possible due to the undertaking activity. In fact, the undertaking activity contributes to minimise the environmental pollution due to fossil fuel based electricity coevals.

“1984″ vs. Nazi Germany Essay

I have always been fascinated with Adolf Hitler and World War II. It seems that throughout my education and lifetime, the topic of how Hitlers Germany almost ruled the entire world was constantly menti geniusd in conversations, books, movies, or television programs. After reading George Orwells 1984 I saw that there were unfit similarities between the town of Oceiana and Nazi Germany. Both types of government were extremely similar in 1984as well as in Nazi Germany, they killed and vaporized people with no remorse and had no respect for humanity. Therefore, when I read the quote, it is impossible to found a civilization on fear and hatred and cruelty. It would never endure, I this instant thought of Nazi Germany. Hitlers evil drive for success clearly proved this quote to be true and shows that hatred and fear cant in fact create a stable civilization.The Nazis ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945 when Germany surrendered and admitted defeat in their contend of aggression, World War II . This was similar to the war that Oceiana was involved in throughout the book. Also, many Germans were taken to and killed at the concentration camps, just like Winston, along with many others, were taken to the Ministry of relish to be taken care of. In the book as well as in Germany there were no rights granted to citizens and freedom was merely a thought. Moreover, many children had to work at young ages and did not learn the proper skills in order to read or write.See more Basic scotch problem of Scarcity EssayIn the fictional Oceiana, children were also not allowed books and they were taken away because The Party was afraid that people would become too swank and try to overthrow the government. People in both of these countries were treated as slaves and humanity seemed completely outside the realm of possibility. Now, it is a known fact that Adolf Hitler was one of the 20th centurys most powerful dictators. He was responsible for World War II and the death of millions. Hit ler saw a nation in despair and used this as an opportunity to gain political power.He saw a nation of unemployed and hungry citizens and promised them economic prosperity in return for absolute power. During his time he caused such a great deal of death and destruction He was indeed a great leader, just his kingdoms basis is what caused it to fall. Hitlers racial and political hatred, along with the fear he instilled in his people were the major causes of the disintegration of his nation. Therefore, this event in history is a prime example of the fact that it is impossible to found a civilization on fear and hatred and cruelty. No one wants to be ruled by someone cruel and full of hate. This form of government didnt and couldnt ever endure.Citations* Adolf Hitler. Jewish Virtual Library floorpage. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. .* Adolf Hitler. Spartacus Educational Home Page. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. .* Adolf Hitler. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. .

Homoeroticism in Bram Stoker’s Dracula

The evolution of time and the changes in socio-cultural faculties directly reflect on the cause and the mainstream of culture within the literary and visual arts genre. Following the parade and proliferation of feminism and women em fountainment in books and popular media, a new fiber of theme evolved or branched outhomoeroticismwhich had invaded the literary categories. Homoeroticism generally pertains to homo or same-sex depiction of love and desire (Murray and Roscoe, 1997). Perhaps wholeness of the most(prenominal) famous and horrifying stories of the twentieth and the contemporary century is the Bram firefighters genus genus Dracula.While the narrative is typically horrendous and strangely lulling to the reader, there is probably a deeper implication on the psychoticlogical responses, which hinges on deviant behavior of the storys main char turninger Count Dracula. Strangely, the character Dracula is an atypical archetype of the leash genre. In the subsequent paper, an analysis on the psychological behavior and his erstwhile characteristics of Bram fire valets Dracula straggle be conducted and correlate it to the surmisal of homoerotic inundations that normally defines fairylike literature.Additionally, the paper aims to define the psychological state/conditioning/behavior of the author Bram fire-eater by investigating given and cognise literatures/readings on his biography. Such undertaking raft also possibly suggest the presence/ absence of homoerotic front of the author.II. The Third Gender and Queer returning Modernity in the late 1960s to the contemporary period researchs the fundamentals and the notion and ideologies of heterointimateity which extends to thematic ideals in literature.The tenets of sex is questioned and hereto put forwards as societal justness, an underlying idea of democratization, contests the precepts of cozy urge and knowledgeableity. What is biologically straight is devolved with identity reconstructio n and partiality towards sexual orientation. Accordingly, the new genderthe third gendera referral to gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and closets play minority in the innovative society. Homosexuals, in its simplest sense, be the non-heterosexuals. They have distinct preference for the same biological sexual orientation.They are the basket term for gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and closets. Faculties of psychosocial behavior explore the deviance and the non-normative sexual practice of sapphics. It is acknowledged that gays are psychosocial deviance, not a sickness but a social reality. The unmated society, bearing some forms of behavior and principles, and language materializes in several literatures as some queer theorist claim. Thus there is manifestation and imposition of third gender structures and labels from an external mainstream culture of the gay minors into literature.Here we explore the unconscious inclusion of pronounced homosexuality of the author Bram Stoker through the vampire Dracula. Bram Stokers vampiric Dracula is thus scrutinized using queer theoryprocess of disc overing and exposing underlying meanings, distinctions, and transaction of power in larger culture that others oversimplify. The capitalization of capable heterosexuality of the vampiric Dracula is examined overlaying the bounds of the character as simply being a blood-sucking un-dead organism.A major proponent of the queer theorist Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and the Psychosocial Principle of Sigmund Freud will be utilized as a tool for understanding the literature and Dracula and explicate the vampires methods of homoeroticism.III. A Background on Bram Stokers Dracula and Eroticism Dracula is an epistolary novel-consisting of a series of diary entries, telegrams, and letters from the characters, as well as fictional clippings from the Whitby and capital of the United Kingdom newspapers and phonograph cylindersoriginally published in 1897 and authored by Bram Stoker.Its literary classi fication / genre is extensive covering that of vampire literature, horror fiction, gothic and intrusion literature. The novel enjoyed the peak of its literary success in the twentieth century with the proliferation of television and media several adaptations of the novels vampire found in theater and film interpretations Dracula (1931) The Horror of Dracula (1958) Bram Stokers Dracula (1992) Nosferatu (1922).Modern accounts always of Dracula always universally agree that it exudes and distorts strong sexual energy What has become clearer and clearer, in particular in the fin de siecle years of the twentieth century, is that the novels power has its source in the sexual implications of the blood exchange between the vampire and his victims Dracula has embedded in it a very(prenominal) disturbing psychosexual allegory whose meaning I am not sure Stoker entirely understood that there is a demonic force at work in the world whose intent is to eroticize women.In Dracula we see how tha t force transforms Lucy Westenra, a beautiful nineteen-year- venerable virgin, into a shameless adulteress (Wolf 1992). Strong dammed sexual energy either repressed or expressed, agitation, fear, anxiety, and excitement are inundated in the Dracula. The demonic and psychosexual allegories of the Dracula suggest inversion, a repression behind the monstrosity, a Freudian analogy of desires and hetero/homosexuality.III. Homoerotism and Dracula Homoerotism refers to the illustration of homosexual love and desire manifested through visual arts and literature.Although, it is more of a modern concept, Sedgwick acknowledged the pre-existence of such process in the Victorian Era that hinges on pathological explanation of the homosexuals veering on the predisposition towards both depravity and paederasty (Kaylor 2006). Dracula contains several obvious and not-so-obvious hints on the homoerotism that probably characterizes the restrained movement of the homosexuals of the Late Victorian Era. A. Parodies of Sexual Excesses of Dracula The narrative of the story contains heavy sexual undertones and indulgences that encompass even that of the human characters of the story.Jonathan Harker exhibits sybaritic tendencies towards the dark and desirous evil passions during his encounter with the Brides of Dracula All three had brilliant white teeth, that shone like pearls against the crimson of their voluptuous lips. in that location was some amour about them that made me uneasy, some longing and at the same time deadly fear. I felt in my embrace a wicked and burning desire that they would touch me with those red lips. Stokes brings insight to the darker passions that are discretely enjoyed in the Late Victorian Era. Sex is not a sacred act but an indulgence of the senses and brain.The conscious aim is to explore sexuality in its most banal and radical sense. Through the Brides of Dracula, Stokes suggests the exploration of multiple sex partners. There is no limit to sexual immunity it exceeds gender and number, even. Such decadence or feast is patterned from the Greek paedaristic tradition and is patterned throughout the exhibitioner of the story. The excitement of the underlying sexual tones is unmistakable and obviously intentional given the pariah treatment for the unconventional during the Victorian Period. The homoerotic desires will continually persist throughout the entirety of the gothic novel.The eroticism for the narrative is strangely luring and animalistic. Dracula bades Harker into the world of secrecy, indulgence and delight, saying Welcome to my house Enter freely. Go safely, and leave something of the happiness you bring I am Dracula and I bid you welcome. Control is mocked Desire, satisfaction and all that suggests sexual indulgence are claimed by Dracula. Beneath the civilized veneer of the aristocrat Dracula lay a perverted nature which implies the status of the homosexuals and the repressed sexuality of the stuffy Victorian P eriod.Sexual harem, incestuous relationships, and men-to-men relations are discretely portrayed in the Bram Stokes Dracula albeit in a hyperbolic manner. The Brides of Dracula are not legal brides but in actuality, family relations of Dracula who bear a striking and similar morphological features with him which suggests, on the long run, a degree of incestuous relationship enjoyed by them. Aside from sexual harem and a hint of incest, men-to-men relation has played an important element in the development of the sexual undertones of the Gothic novel.Ambiguity in sexual preference and the tractableness of Dracula for sexual predisposition is implicit when he admonishes his Brides who want to ravish Harker, This man belongs to me Such possession and temperamental display of possessive attitude differs from his line of reasoning onYes, I too can love. You yourselves can tell it from the past. Is it not so? Well, now I promise you that when I am done with him you shall kiss him at you r will. Dracula psychosexual conditioning is not clear.However, it is asserted that the ambiguity and the his sexual inversions may have been an indicator for the confusion and the psychological meanderings of a homosexuals presented in a strict and stuffy society. B. Effeminate Dracula Perhaps the most striking quality of Dracula is his striking and handsome appearance which deviates from the ugly vampires of eastern European folklore Draculas face was a strong a very strong aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly arched nostrils with lofty domed forehead, and hair growing scantily round the temples, but profusely elsewhere.His eyebrows were very massive, almost meeting over the nose, and with bushy hair that seemed to curl in its take in profusion. The mouth, so far as I could see it under the heavy moustache, was fixed and rather cruel looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth these protruded over the lips, whose remarkable ruddiness showed astonishing vi tality in a man of his years. For the rest, his ears were pale and at the tops extremely pointed the chin was broad and strong, and the cheeks firm though thin. The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor. The general effect of Dracula is a Byronic ideology of handsome man.Beauty is not just a female concept but for the male Dracula as well with the perfection of his features which are highly popular during the Victorian times. The allusion of having red lips and long pointed nails are physical attributes or endowments of female genre. Additionally, Draculas innate effeminate characteristics extends to his housekeeping capacitiesmaintaining Jonathan Harkers bed and readying of his meals. Dracula is facsimile of the beautiful morphological male, not unavoidably masculine but neither does it approach the feminine standards.C. Unmasking the Monstrosity of Dracula through Queer Theory As Sedwick puts it, to gain a split understanding of the third gender, it is necessary that a thorough study must be conducted that transcends the barriers the standard binary oppositions that limit understanding on sexuality. A advertent examination of the psychological constructs of Dracula reveals the heteroerotic chasm behinds his monstrosity and vampiric qualities. One of the major proponents behind a true understanding of individuality and motivation is Sigmund Freud.Freud posits that unconscious portion of the mind, the underwater thoughts as one puts it, is the major motivating force behind an individuals actions and thoughts. What is natural is not the actual conscious thoughts but the unconscious thoughts. Could it be that behind the monstrosity of Dracula lay a barrage of confused emotions on gender position and preference, which, is poured into his vampiric tendencies? Dracula is portrayed as an infernal junky by Dr. Van Helsing The Nosferatu do not die like the bee when he sting once. He is only stronger, and being stronger, have yet more power to work evil .This vampire which is amongst us is of himself so strong in person as twenty men, he is of cunning more than mortal, for his cunning be the result of ages, he have still the aids of necromancy, which is, as his etymology imply, the divination by the dead, and all the dead that he can come nigh to are for him at command, he is brute, and more than brute, he is devil in callous, and the heart of him is not, he can, within his range, direct the elements, the storm, the fog, the thunder, he can command all the meaner things, the rat, and the owl, and the bat, the moth, and the fox, and the wolf, he can grow and become small, and he can at times vanish and come unknown. The hyperbolic portrayal of the monstrous proportions of Draculas supernatural capacities denotes a deeper meaning behind the literaty texts.An important venue to consider is the role of speech acts which is use as labels for the gay lingo. beyond morphology and monstrous appearance and punctuated by speech acts and be havior, covers an ambiguity, a sexual inversion that characterizes the apart(p) and anonymous desires of the third gender minority in the Victorian Period. The dissolution of the boundaries of the self and the thorough rottenness of the conventional Victorian gender codes, constrains the mobility of sexual desire of Dracula. Dracula exhibits erratic behavior and sexual excesses that denotes the male activity or supremacy of the old times. Dracula secretely covets Jonathan Harker during his address to his bridesHe is mineSuch statement defies the normative concept of heterosexual relations Dracula, in this single statement of truth exposes once his secrets and his homosexual side. The repeating element of the storyDracula is a highly sexed creature which spews the wickedness and vagaries on sexual enjoyment. The annotation of the Vampiric mouth is corollary to an orifice that denotes the inexplicable soul of the count There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsiveI could see in the moonlight the moisture flame on the red tongue as it lapped the white sharp teeth. The eroticism of the vampiric mouth presents the dis-ambiguity between males and females. Dracula constantly victimizes local individual with no gender preferences sinking his sharp teeth into an erogenous spot on the neck.On the whole scale, such vampiric qualities reveal lurid representations on the binary subversion of gender. cleaning ladyhood is not just receptors or vessels sunk with Dracula fangs and neither are men simply the penetrator. The role of Draconian mouth extends beyond hyperbole into an equivocation of gender roles. Such is the power of the mouth The Brides of Dracula have the equal capacity to sink their sharp teeth, an allusion to females position in sexual proclivities. The transfusion of blood and each bloodily fluids across humans is not just about sucking the life force but on the whole this pertains to the unity and social equity beyond gend er categorization.Dracula being a homosexual extremist transfers blood when sucking an equivocation of gender roles and a unwitting question of the association of the gay minority into the bilaterally determined society. Blood ties and acceptance. Blood. This is what ties humans together and the rejection of Draculas blood coupled with the fear and anxiety that characterizes the society during vampire hunts presents a parallelization of the misunderstood and an unaccepted presence of gay roles. The Dracula is a monster, and a new order of humanity that is not understood by the old Victorian society. The monster presents un-comfort, distention, and somewhat weird and curiously entrancing but otherwise shunned away because it is not normal.Heterosexual association of Dracula with women, his imminent victimization of them presents Dracula as not simply just the un-choosey attacker within the psychological premise, the deliberate choice of Dracula for women is a displacement method for his un bring throughed sexual ambition with Jonathan Harker. Draculas desire with a male Harker and his victimization is always postponed by a series of events. In the end, to alleviate his sexual defeat for the male species, Dracula poured his frustrations in extreme proportions in the female genre. Draculas homoerotic desires is gratified by his three Brides Draculas daughters offer masculine version for penetration with Harker as the recipientLower and lower went her head as the lips went below the range of my mouth and the chin and seemed to fasten on my throatI could feel the soft, shivering touch of the lips on the supersensitive skin of my throat, and the hard dents of the two sharp teeth, just touching and pausing there. I closed my eyes in a languorous ecstasy and waitedwaited with a beating heart. This is the final and most pronounced text wherein there is a direct representation of male penetration vis-a-vis the female anatomy (from the mouth down anyway) and the referr al to languor state ecstasy prior to penetration. Harker anticipated the penetrated waitedwaited with a beating heart but the act was not bound to happen since Dracula barges in and shouts, How dare you touch him, any of you?How dare you cast eyes on him when I had forbidden it? Back I tell you This man belongs to me. The interruption suggests, more so the line, This man belongs to me, denotes homoeroticism on the part of Dracula, but such salacious desires will never be realized its focal recipient Harker but instead will be displaced with other women. There are actually no male-to-male aggressions on the narrative but rather suggestive implications covered under sexual undertones and motivation inset under the Dracos language. IV. Homoeroticism and Bram Stoker The publication of Dracula and the homoerotic themes scandalized under the narrative, created a question on the motivation of the author Bram Stoker.It has been noted above that the horror story is a social commentary on t he misunderstanding and the treatment of homosexuals as well as exploration on the homoerotism of Dracula. Perhaps Dracula is merely an extension of the true author. We handle that the vividness of the character Dracula is either a representation of the closet Bram Stoker or if not his close friend and correspondent, the multi-sex oriented (bisexual, paederastic and homosexual even metrosexual with current standards Oscar Wilde. It must be realized that Stokes began writing the story one month after Oscar Wilde was legally cross-examined for sodomy. The ignorance of connection between the two was due to the absence of literature that would connote Wildes name.Yet what is not apparently there may exist there by using using deliberate names to fulfill the gaps in communication. It is very possible that Dracula is Wilde a horror allegory for a gay closet trapped and afraid during the trial. The Oscar Wilde trial is one of the most scandalous and expository nature of the Victorian unde rground in the nineteenth century. The trial commences the legal prosecution of the gays under the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 which states the admonition of homosexual acts not amounting to buggery. The crisis of the closet is untenable whereas Stokes wanted to embraced the ideology of homosexuality, common fear for persecution of gays forced him to be discrete and displaced his ideas on Dracula.Stoker has been many times associated with Withman and his open correspondent with him. His admires Whitman for functioning as badges in homosexual recognition in England fin-de-siecle. Stoker relieves an insidious letter to Whitman I would like to call you Comrade and to talk to you as men who are not poets do not often talk. I think that at first a man would be ashamed, for a man cannot in a moment break the habit of comparative reticence that has become a second nature to him, but I know I would not be long ashamed to be natural before you. You have shaken off the shackles and your wings are free. I have the shackles on my soldiers and stillbut I have no wings.If you are going to read this letter any further I should tell you that I am not prepared to give up all else so far as words go. The love letter address to Whitman suggests the fight for gay freedom of movement vis-a-vis his literary writings. The metaphysical connection between the two men is demonstrated in the letters. Gays are not simply gays because of their sexual quirks or fancies but more on their emotional predisposition. As Stokes further asserted, How sweet a thing it is for a strong healthy man with a womans eye and a childs wishes to feel that he can speak so to a man who can be if he wishes a father, and brother and wife to his soul. Stokes believed that he is different from the normative kind of human species. It is not known if Stokers presumed gayness resulted from the classical Oedipus asymmetry or is a genetically determined trait. However it is clear that he identifies himself to be a different kind, those who practiced sodomy and has distinct preference for unexampled males. While it is true that he is a proud member of the third class, tradition and fear of experiencing societal pariah urges him towards complacency and discretion. Stoker cannot openly write his intellectual positions on the assertion of third gender roles in the Victorian society and their so-called coming out.Stokes later became a member of the organization of gays with Whitman as a special comrade. Oscar Wildes trial prove to be the turning point of decisions for his literary career. The infusion of homoeroticism within Dracula is so discretely hidden that, for a common reader, Dracula is nothing but bat-like demon. Within the realms of persecution, Dracula is perhaps the safest route for gay literary ideology and at the same time, avoiding reexamination from the anti-homosexual Victorian law enforcers. Wildes trial forces the author Bram Stoker to secrecy. Irving also enjoys a stro ng emotional discourse with Irving, a gay poet In those moments of our coarse emotion he too had found a friend. Soul had looked into soulFrom that hour began the friendship as leaden, as close, as lasting can be between two menAnd the sight of his picture before me, with those loving words, the record of a time of deep emotion and full understanding of us both, each for a time of deep emotion and full understanding of us both, each for the other, unmans me once again as I write. The souls of the two high-and-mighty individuals commune it borders beyond physical adoration. They understand each others needs and ambitions depicting mutuality among mena mirror of homosexuality that is very misleading and the parameters rather abstract. Stokers love for Irving is open, honest and metaphysical there were no records to the consummation of their love but Stoker, many times, admitted to the alluding most profound male relationship of all time. Note that in Dracula, there is no consummati on between the vampire Dracula and the human Jonathan Harker.Perhaps Stoker wants to project the essential element of third gender relations which hinges on emotional and intellectual connections. That is perhaps, why, Stoker condemns the vulgar representation of the third gender of Oscar Wilde. Oscar Wilde, during his trial, exposing the darker sides of the third sex legion. He commented, Vices so flaggitous, so opposed to nature, even in its lowest and crudest forms that the poignancy of moral disgust is lost in the horror. Stoker argues that some gay literature are censorious and exploits and denigrates the essentials of gayhood. Stoker always asserts discretion even in his letters and literary works.Such discretion fed under rigidity of censorship allowed him to explore the subtextual tools in implicating homoeroticism within his Dracula story. Wilde was Stokers primary rival but whether he sympathizes with his enemys crimes is another story. One thing is certain the Oscar Wild e trial forced Bram Stoker to methodically used discretion in several of his residue. V. Conclusion The paper discussed the homoeroticism in Dracula and the psycho social ideologies that lay basic foundation to the horrorific nature of the epistolary literature. Beyond horror, the Freudian theory of subconscious explained the motives of the antagonist Dracula. Sedwicks principle on olympian structured binary opposition to categorized the atypical Dracula.In understanding Dracula and its author Bram Stoker, subtextual language and discrete elements embedded within the horror story and the correspondence of Stoker to some of his friends reveal insights in the subversive gay literature. Homoeroticism of Dracula reveals the culture of third gender during the late Victorian period. Dracula, a homosexual closet beyond the hyperbolic monster demonstrates effeminate morphology and behavior. More so his strange attraction to Jonathan Harker. Displacement behavior explained his opinion on s exual gratification. Dracula, is perhaps, Wilde, a representation of the archenemy of Bram Stokes during his collegiate years.It is the literary by-product of the censorious laws of old England which was heightened during Wildes trial.Works CitedDalby, R. and Hughes, W.. Bram Stoker A Bibliography. Westcliff-on-Sea Desert Island Books, 2005.Freedman, Alfred M. and Harold I. Kaplan. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry . Baltimore Williams & Wilkins Company, 1967.Hughes, William. Beyond Dracula Bram Stokers Fiction and its Cultural Contexts Basingstoke Macmillan, 2000.McKenna, N. The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde. Random House, 2004. Sedgwick, E. K. Epistemology of the Closet. California UP, 1990.Wolf, L. . Bram Stokers Dracula. Signet Classic Edition. USA Penguin, 1990.

The Decline of the West

These changes could happen from one day to another. How do you tell your family that their economic land site, all of a sudden, has changed because of your new status as unemployed? in particular when family the family is accustomed to the idea of living the sweet life. The Decline of the West from 201 0 is about a gay who experiences the difficult problems of the economic decline. In the short story The Decline of the West, the narrator mike lives with his family in the outskirts of London. He just got fired and is now on his way home to pass the news of his young dismissal.microphone used to work 12 hours a day, solely despite the fact that Mike now is unemployed, he looks forward to spent time with his family. He has a rough time tying to tell the truth, and so he ends up arguing with his wife and sons instead. The main character of the short story is Mike. He is a 45-yearold man, father of two, and has until now been working in corporate finance. Mike is a hardworking man, w ho has provided his family with a lovely house in safe surroundings, plenty of material benefits, and an AU twin, who can take commission of the house when he is not there.Mike barely sees his family, and admits lankly that the AU pair sees more to his family than he does himself. The AU pair saw more of his house and family than he did -1 . The sweet welcoming Mike imagined was far from reality. When Mike arrives home, his wife, Imagine, does not even take the time to say planetary houseo to her husband, notwithstanding simply just passes him by with a gin and tonic mentioning going up stairs to take a shower. Imagine passed him in the hall carrying a gin and tonic, saying she was going upstairs to consent a bath2 This indicates that the conjugal union might not be as warm and loving as one may think.Mikes sum does not seem to go well. Imagine is not acknowledging Mike, nor is she interested in him. Is it attention youre after? 3 Mike sees himself as a man that gives all he can ever Offer to his family, but they are neer satisfied. l paid for this with my time, intelligence, and the education the state provided me with4. Mikes view on him self stands in sharp contrast to the adverse image we get of him from the dialogues. The contrast especially becomes clear in the transmission line between Mike and his older son, Tom. Are you joking? Youve done nothing for me . As the argument is maturation it proves out that the children, and the mother or that matter, is very unrealistic when it comes to economy and money. No matter how much they get, it is never enough. Mike has always given his children exactly what they wanted, despite the fact that their joy never lasted long. The kids had stopped using it before hed hardly begun paying for it6. The narrator in the short story is a first psyche narrator with a limited point of view to the father. By this we get an insight in the fathers thoughts and speculations. He believed he was good at giving things up7. We see everything from his point of view, so we have whence have a colored view n the story. The story is written with the use of Pats. We, as a reader, feel sympathy for Mike. Imagine and the children seem greedy and ungrateful. They are products of the capitalistic consumer society. They are all against Mike and he himself takes position as the victim. He appears to be alone with the knowledge of his famish future fleck however, he does not have the courage to face the consequences.Instead he tries to avoid them. Mike does become wiser on his family unrealistic luxurious lifestyle end-to-end the story. That happens when he notices Queen Elizabeth Siss crooked smile on a tote. How had he never noticed what a sardonic little Mona Lisa smile the blinded-up monarch wore, mocking even, as if she pitied the vanity and greed the note inspired8. In the world at large, money is what we worship. We are volitionally sacrificing the bond with our family to pursue wealth. Mike has nev er needed anything in his life.As his father said Mike youve been stalk by good fortune your whole life 9. Now that he is unemployed, he suddenly seems to have lost control of his emotions and life. For a moment he even considers to leave this world and all the monetary troubles behind. How easy t was to fall, and how tempting it was -? suddenly would be best to die 1 0 freshman of all The Decline of the West refers to the Collapse of Wall Street in 2008, which had a huge impact on the life of millions of people in the West.The western countries are currently in a critic monetary situation. Our society, build upon capitalism and materialism demolished when the nation began to spend more than they could afford. This theme is evident throughout the story. Mike reflects on the lifestyle he, and many others had led in the past couple of years. He considers whether the monetary crisis is a penalty for this. Nonetheless, like many people, Mike had also worried whether the present catastrophe was punishment for years of extravagance and self- indulgence 11 The title could also be interpreted as a reference to a moral decline of the modern family. The values of love, and closeness are being replaced by the desire to posses and own everything you could ever dream Of. The love for material has taken over the love for our fissure men. We forget about all that really matters and we are only focusing on bargain foring the up-to-the-minute gadgets and promoting our economical status. The grotesque overcorrection and insatiable love for material goods might have caused severe damage to our handed-down social values.Mike and his family is an example of this propensity, so the title might as well refer to the social reverting in our culture. The financial crisis has resulted in lots of critical problems, but maybe a financial crisis was exactly what we needed? This could be a break from our unrealistic expenditure. gold can buy you many things, but the felicitous ness from it is limited. Money can buy you lots and lots of material goods, still eventually you impart no longer feel the same excitement bout your purchase.Just like the kids in the short story, you leave alone sooner or later cast-off your bought stuff and set your goals up for a new investment. Money can offer things to make people happy, but it does not mean that money can buy you true happiness. Poor people on the street huddling together to stay warm, that is care, which brings out true happiness. Their situation would improve with a little money, however, in the short story where a wealthy family that cannot live together, where is their happiness? Where is the love? Money cannot buy happiness, nor love.

“Explain the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose levels” Essay

Homeostasis is where the bole keeps a constant internal environment. This involves all the metabolic processes victorious place In the body as wellspring as the dividing line, tissue fluid and all the confine in the bodys cells. There be a range of variables from heart order to the note glucose take aims that the body leave take into account. Negative feed dressing impart occur when close tothing deepens from its normal in the body.The body thusly will come back with a response to dischargecel go forth the difference to bring it back to its normal. An framework of this is if blood glucose level comes the body will whence convert the glycogen in the body to glucose which will bring back the energy in the cells to its normal amount. This body requires receptors so that they argon able to detect the change in your body. As well as receptors it also needs a control centre so that the information that has just been received can be processed to at that placefore give the correct response of what the body should do.Most of the control centres can be found in the ace. It will also need effectors so that after the change has happened and the body is back to normal it can reverse the change to keep the body at its original state. The brain and the central nervous system controls something called the homeostatic mechanisms. This is when they anticipate whether there may be a rise or a ruin comp ard to that of the normal. An example of this is the feeling of existence cold or tired this is a resolving of having not eaten for a sufficient period of time.This has then been sent as a cognitive content to the brain which your brain will then tell you to eat so that the energy you get from the nutrients in your food will vitiate those feelings and make them disappear. As this is an anticipation from the central nervous system and the brain it is called feed forward as it hasnt happened yet. Heart footstepThe heart is regulated by impulses produced b y affectionatenesss acting on the sino-atrial node (S-A node). These nerves are called sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sino-atrial node is found in the upper eccentric of the right atrium it is made up of a cluster of excitable cells. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are two branches that come off the automatic nervous system which controls the heart. The parasympathetic nervous system- This is a still system as it is active small-arm the heart is resting. It causes the heart to beat slower than it would normally.The main nerve involved is the vagus nerve without it the heart rate would increase. The sympathetic nervous system- This occurs when the body is feeling stressed. As a emergence of it, it causes the heart to beat faster it also adds a boost to the hormone epinephrine which occurs during fear. The nerves involved in this system is called the cardiac nerves.The sino-atrial node releases nerve impulses that are sent crossways the atrial muscl e fibres which causes them to contract. Cells that form the atrio-ventricular node (A-V node) catch those impulses which are then relayed to a band o conducting tissue. This tissue is made from large modified muscle cells that are called Purkinje fibres. So that the atria can complete their contractions and abide the atrio-ventricular valves to close there may be a delay for the transmission to come through. The valves of the hear are found on a fibrous figure-of-eight.It is centred between the atrial and the ventricular muscle masses. The first berth of the conducting tissue will enable the excitatory impulses to be able to cross to the ventricles. It will then disrupt into both sides of the ventricular septum where it will then spread out into their muscles. They pass extremely quickly which result in them contracting which forces the blood to travel around the body to the organs that need it. Breathing rateTo control your airing there is a respiratory control centre this agai n is located in the brain stem. This will observe the levels o carbon dioxide and oxygen in your blood. It also makes sure that your existent stays at a cockeyed rate which will maintain balance as well as homeostasis In the body. Most of the time you dont have to think about your breathing at all or how you control it as your brain does it automatically for you.However in some grammatical cases in aerobic activity you control your breathing for example in Pilates when instructed through each thin you get told when to inhale and exhale during the lessons. Saying that if the oxygen levels go follow out below a received point your brain will all override your control and make you breathe. During exercise or any somatogenetic activity that require to a greater extent oxygen than normal.The oxygen in your blood will decrease musical composition the carbon dioxide in the blood will increase. When the respiratory control centre in the brain realises that the levels arent normal as a result it will increase the heart rate and the breathing rate to counteract it. The brain will slow the heart rate and breathing rate once the exercise has stopped this will make sure that it maintains the homeostasis in the blood. While resting your breathing is at a steady rate. This means that there will be the right amount of oxygen in the blood on the inhale as a result the right amount of carbon dioxide will come out the blood in exhale. Body temperatureAgain the brain controls the body temperature. Specifically in the brain it is the hypothalamus treat centre that controls the exact temperature the body is. The brain will trigger changes to the effectors around the body for example to the childbed glands . If the body temperature is not maintained then it can either fix too cold resulting in hypothermia or too hot resulting in enkindle stroke either can be fatal.On average your normal body temperature is 37C. Our body maintains this temperature by balancing the dist urb we generate compared to the heat we lose in everyday life. Saying that not our whole body is 37C for example are fingers and toes remain at a lower temperature as a result of the energy being lost from the blood while travelling to the tips. There are temperature receptors in our come up which once detects change in the external temperature will send a message to the hypothalamus in the brain. Again in the hypothalamus affect centre (brain) which will detect the changes in temperature of the blood. There are 2 ways in which the brain tells the body to keep its temperature at 37C.The first one is if someone is really cold then the hair on the skin if the hair is on ends then it will trap more earnestness compared to if it is flat on the skin. The second one is if someone is really hot then the glands on their skin secrete sweat which increases the loss of heat when it evaporates, as a result it cools the body down, It slows back down when the body temperature returns to normal . During vasodilatation the warm blood will flow closer to the surface of the skin so that the heat will be able to transfer into the air. As a result of this the skin will become redder. During vasoconstriction which is where the blood vessels that supply war blood constrict, as a result this will reduce the blood flow in turn this will reduce the heat that can be lost. In this case their skin will look pale. Blood glucoseThis involves the kidneys keeping the water balance at the correct level of water in and out of the body. This will ensure that that the cells in our body work efficiently. The kidneys is where the blood gets filtered while passing through, these molecules are made up from water, glucose, salt and a waste product called urea. It then will reabsorb what the body needs which includes glucose salts and water back into the blood.It then travels around the body. The products that havent been to the full absorbed are excreted from the body. It mainly consists of urea b ut there may be left over water glucose and salts that the body doesnt need. In the brain the pituitary gland controls how much ADH is produced and released into the bloodstream which as you know travels to the kidneys to get filtered. Which in turn controls the concentration of urine. It also checks the concentration of blood plasma.When there isnt enough water in the body the hypothalamus will detect it and send a message to the pituitary gland which will then release the ADH hormone, this will ensure that the urine is more concentrated resulting in less water, this will be maintained by the kidneys. As a result the water levels in the blood will return to normal. Cells make their energy from the glucose in the body this is why glucose levels need to be regulated tightly. As a result of this if there is too much glucose in the body may lead to diabetes 2, if too low it may lead to starvation of the body.In the body there are many reasons for the rise and fall of the glucose levels . For example digestion after a meal and the product of insulin by the liver these both lead to a rise in the glucose levels. An example of a fall in glucose levels is the transportation of the sugar into the cells as well as the loss of glucose through the urine. The regulation of the glucose levels relies on a variety of things from molecules to organs and cell types. BibliographyEdexcel Level 3 Health and Social Care prevailhttp//www.ehow.com/how-does_5101742_describe-regulation-blood-glucose-levels.html

Ethics and Placebo Trials Essay

Placebo trials atomic number 18 experimental trials that consider the administration of a substance that does not really cook any effect on the individualistics system. This corresponds that it is a sluggish trial that go away hold back neither positive nor forbid effects on the physiology of the person it is administered on. Whatever positive benefits may be derived out of placebo trials are that remedial and may arise from the potency of the power of suggestion. These trials are most often apply in randomized control trials in investigating the effectiveness of a specific discourse.(Miller and Brody, 3) However, with the rise of the use of such(prenominal) trials, there have been many more questions raised. Are these placebo control trials and then necessary? What ethical issues are raised with the implementation of placebo trials? The debates regarding the ethicality of placebo trials in investigative research continue to rage across the scientific community. The se rmon has become so complex that the sides taken regarding the matter have evolved to more than just yes or no to the question of placebo ethicality.There have been numerous aspects of placebo trials that have undergone the scrutiny of those directly involved with fields utilizing these trials. The important aim of this paper is to understand the obligations of medical practitioners who are employing placebo trials in their own scientific investigations of the effectiveness of unhomogeneous treatments. What ethical standards should these individuals, physicians and the like, take into consideration when conducting investigative researches with placebo trials? Glass and WaringThe main problem with a physicians utilization of placebo trials for investigative purposes is the fact that they are part of the profession that involves the assurance of optimal wellness for their unhurrieds. some(prenominal) of the investigators and critics exploring the ethical holds on medical practiti oners with regards to placebo trials have looked at it from a legal standpoint. Glass and Waring (582) indicate that they have foundno legal precedent allowing physicians to opt out of their victor obligations because they are researchers in accessory to being physicians.It is emphasized that the physician must do all in his power in enact to insure that the client receives all possible modes of treatment that would maintain or enhance his or her health. As a researcher, the physician is viewed as a fiduciary, a person delegated with power that will be used for the benefit of an other person and who is held legitimately against the highest standards of conduct. The physician-researcher as a fiduciary, then, has a moral ascendancy all over his or her patient-subject.(Glass and Waring, 578) This means that a placebo trial that would involve having the physician-researcher observe the null effect on the health of a patient-subject and at the same time have knowledge of the betterm ent of the health status of patient-subjects in the other experimental trials. (Glass and Waring 579) Thus physicians are now ethically compromised and even legally li equal for their utilization and continuation of the placebo trial.Knowing that there is a treatment that could improve the health of those in the placebo arm of the experiment but not applying that treatment on the participants in that arm indicates their sacrifice of the health of those participants for the scientific progress afforded by research data. The ethical responsibility of the physician-reseracher, therefore, is in the fact that clinical studies of treatment effectivity deal use of participants who have been diagnosed with the specific medical condition hoped to be treated by the experiments procedure. HawkinsHawkins (484) rural areas that the true problem faced by physician-researchers is a moral one. The moral norms and social dictates placed upon those in the medical profession involve the fact that t hey need to be able to moot a sick person all the possible chances of being treated. However, Hawkins (484) points out that this moral responsibility is limited. She states distinctly researchers do not owe effective treatment to everyone around them. (473) The obligations of a physician to his or her patient are enclosed within a given up framework, that of the physician-patient race.In order for such a relationship to be established, the physician must come into agreement with the client that he or she will indeed act as one half of that relationship. The same agreement must be made on the part of the client. Although this agreement may not be explicit, it is nevertheless positively acknowledged by twain parties. (Hawkins, 476) There is, according to Hawkins, no ethical dilemma in a physician-researchers use of placebo trials. fair(a) because these researchers have had medical training and have taken a medical oath does not mean that they are always in the enjoyment of a p hysician.These are individuals that have many other divers(prenominal) voices as fathers, mothers, non-practicing physicians, friends and the like. The share they take as a researcher, therefore, does not mean a continuation of their role as a physician. (Hawkins, 479) The obligations of an individual in the role of a researcher is separate from his or her role as a physician thereof their obligation in placebo trials involves simple assurance that the participant will not be harmed by the procedure that will take place. Miller and BrodySome critics of placebo control trials state a weakness in therapeutic obligation of physician researchers as the main proves of line of the ethical foundations of the said trials. Miller and Brody (8) state that even when base on the principles of clinical equipoise, an ethical posterior of assigning participants in different experimental weaponry which involves differment among experts as to the effectiveness of either arm, therapeutic obli gation is still a weak attack against the ethics of placebo trials.The individuals who knowingly participate in experiments with placebo arms are not exploited as long as no harm befalls them. Also, they are informed that they enter the experimental set-up as participants in a research and not as patients of the researchers who happen to likewise be physicians. (Miller and Brody, 5) Miller and Brody thus state that placebo trials are not unethical just because they withhold turn up effective treatment. (6) It is thus seen that the responsibility and obligation of the researcher with regards to the ethicality of placebos is not in their therapeutic obligations as physicians.However, this does not mean that placebo trials are completely ethical. This overly does not mean that researchers are devoid of ethical obligations to their participants assigned to placebo arms of the investigative experiments. The ethical obligation of the researcher in placebo trials is the same as that of researcher in any clinical trials. This involves the proper acquisition of informed consent from the participants. Also, researchers must be able to assure the fact that participants will not be exploited or put in libellous situations.Miller and Brody also insist that researchers must first establish that the investigation has scientific deserve and that scientific merit is increased with the implementation of the placebo trial. (8) Analysis and Argument All three articles assessed above have merit and, at the same time, also have faults. Glass and Waring (582) stating that no legal precedents were found that indicated physicians were no lifelong tied to their professional obligations is faulty.In much the same way that a lawyer does not have to give counsel to every jaywalker he or she sees, the physician likewise does not have professional obligation over individuals whose relationship to him is alone that which exists between researchers and participants. I also disagree wi th Hawkins statement that morality is what binds the physician thus the use of placebo trials is not unethical. What is ethics but a imagination in the realm of morality? Yes, there are standards and regulations with regards to ethical conduct. However, as a whole, ethics is based on morality thus a moral problem is, in fact, an ethical problem.The middle ground taken by Miller and Brody also seems to be misled. A placebo trial is not equivalent to other clinical trials. It involves factors that are not present in other trials, such as the exposure of the participants to neutral treatment. In other clinical trials, there is still exposure to some form of treatment thus there is an effort to aid the participant. I believe, however, that physician-researchers obligations to the patient-participant, is limited solely to the relationship of researcher and participant. The role taken by the individual is not that of a physician but that of a researcher.The participants are also aware th at they enter into the experiment not as patients but as participants. Although they are not given the chance to undergo possibly effective treatment, it is not the moral obligation of the researcher to insure that they do. eve if, for example, a person persists to smoke, I am not morally or ethically obligated to make sure that he or she stop. Placebo trials are valid research designs and should not be stopped simply because of a feeling that it is unfair to those who, in the first place, willingly submitted themselves to the experiments conditions.Works CitedGlass, Kathleen G. , and Waring, Duff. The doctor/Investigators Obligation to Patients Participating in Research The Case of Placebo Controlled Trials. The Journal of Law, Medicine & morality 33 (2005) 575-585 Hawkins, Jennifer S. Justice and Placebo Controls. Social Theory and Practice 32 (2006) 467- 496. Miller, Franklin G. , and Brody, Howard. What Makes Placebo-controlled Trials Unethical? The American Journal of Bio ethics 2(2002) 3-9